SAS Output

2015-2016 Program Review

Social Work

I Instruction

A Assessment goals and outcomes for each degree program (reported separately)

B Input Data

B 1 Headcount, Person Years and FTE -- Overall and Devoted To Instruction

Social Work

			Social Work			College Total	University Total
			2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
Tenured & tenure-earning faculty	Professor, Assoc Professor, Asst Professor	Total Headcount	12	12	12	56	677
		Total Person-Years	11.0	10.5	10.9	46.3	586.6
		Person-Years Devoted To Instruction	6.9	4.8	4.6	20.6	284.7
		Total FTE	14.6	14.0	14.5	61.7	782.1
		FTE Devoted to Instruction	9.1	6.4	6.2	27.4	379.6
Non-tenure-earning faculty	Instructors, Lecturers, Visiting Faculty	Total Headcount	10	9	11	19	236
		Total Person-Years	8.5	8.4	8.2	14.6	190.5
		Person-Years Devoted To Instruction	5.4	5.2	4.7	8.7	148.7
		Total FTE	11.3	11.2	11.0	19.5	254.1
		FTE Devoted to Instruction	7.2	6.9	6.2	11.6	198.2
Other personnel paid on faculty pay plan	Scholar/ Scientist/ Engineer, Research Assoc, Assoc In, Asst In, Postdoc Assoc	Total Headcount				2	119
		Total Person-Years				1.8	95.6
		Person-Years Devoted To Instruction				0.8	38.0
		Total FTE				2.4	127.5
		FTE Devoted to Instruction				1.1	50.7
Adjuncts	--	Total Headcount	25	27	34	88	631
		Total Person-Years	4.9	6.1	6.7	17.5	113.4
		Person-Years Devoted To Instruction	4.9	6.1	6.6	16.4	108.0
		Total FTE	6.6	8.2	8.9	23.4	151.3
		FTE Devoted to Instruction	6.6	8.1	8.8	21.8	144.0
Graduate Assistants	--	Total Headcount	2	4	2	51	1,150
		Total Person-Years	0.7	1.3	0.4	11.4	341.8
		Person-Years Devoted To Instruction	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.0	223.8
		Total FTE	0.9	1.7	0.5	15.2	455.7
		FTE Devoted to Instruction	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.6	298.4
Other	--	Total Headcount				9	376
		Total Person-Years				0.8	40.4
		Person-Years Devoted To Instruction				0.1	17.1
		Total FTE				1.1	53.9
		FTE Devoted to Instruction				0.2	22.8
Total		Total Headcount	49	52	59	225	3,189
		Total Person-Years	25.1	26.4	26.2	92.4	1,368.4
		Person-Years Devoted To Instruction	17.2	16.0	15.9	51.5	820.3
		Total FTE	33.4	35.2	35.0	123.3	1,824.5
		FTE Devoted to Instruction	22.9	21.4	21.2	68.7	1,093.8

Source: Instruction and Research File

Report includes summer, fall and spring semester data

Faculty headcounts are unduplicated within year; faculty with appointments in multiple departments are counted in the department where they devoted most effort.

Adjuncts and Grad Assistants are counted in each department where they had an appointment.

Person-year= 1 person working full time for one year

1.00 FTE = .75 person-years

B 2 Instructional Faculty and Adjuncts By Gender and Ethnicity

Social Work

Instructional Faculty (Tenured, tenure-earning, & non-tenure-earning)		Social Work			College Total	University Total
		2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
American Indian/Alaskan Native	Male					1
American Indian/Alaskan Native	Total					1
Asian or Pacific Islander						1
	Female	1	1	1	2	40
	Male				5	92
	Total	1	1	1	7	133
Black (Not of Hispanic Origin)						0
	Female	1	1	1	3	38
	Male	1	1	1	2	22
	Total	2	2	2	5	60
Hispanic						2
	Female	2	2	2	3	37
	Male			1	3	30
	Total	2	2	3	6	69
White (Not of Hispanic Origin)					1	9
	Female	10	10	11	21	297
	Male	7	6	4	32	382
	Total	17	16	15	54	688
Total					1	12
	Female	14	14	15	29	412
	Male	8	7	6	42	527
	Total	22	21	21	72	951

Source: Instruction and Research File

Instructional Faculty includes tenured, tenure-earning and non-tenure-earning faculty members who taught a course during the year.

B 2 Instructional Faculty and Adjuncts By Gender and Ethnicity

Social Work

Adjuncts		Social Work			College Total	University Total
Adjuncts		2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
Asian or Pacific Islander	Female					12
	Male				3	12
	Total				3	24
Black (Not of Hispanic Origin)	Female			1	1	31
	Male	1	1	1	1	19
	Total	1	1	2	2	50
Hispanic	Female			1	5	50
	Male	1		1	5	24
	Total	1		2	10	74
White (Not of Hispanic Origin)	Female	16	18	22	36	271
	Male	7	8	8	37	212
	Total	23	26	30	73	483
Total	Female	16	18	24	42	364
	Male	9	9	10	46	267
	Total	25	27	34	88	631

Source: Instruction and Research File

B 3 Average Course Section Size and Percent of Sections Taught By Faculty

Social Work

				Social Work			College Total	University Total
				2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
Course Level	Type			117	117	109	353	5,155
Undergraduate	Lecture/Seminar	Sections Offered	#	117	117	109	353	5,155
			# Enrolled	2,900	3,233	3,061	13,515	199,829
			Avg Section Enrollment	24.8	27.6	28.1	38.3	38.8
		Sections Faculty-Taught	#	65	57	53	183	3,455
		Sections Faculty-Taught	%	55.6	48.7	48.6	51.8	67.0
	Lab	Sections Offered	#				7	896
			# Enrolled				160	16,821
			Avg Section Enrollment				22.9	18.8
		Sections Faculty-Taught	#				1	432
		Sections Faculty-Taught	%				14.3	48.2
	Discussion	Sections Offered	#					294
			# Enrolled					8,010
			Avg Section Enrollment					27.2
		Sections Faculty-Taught	#					250
		Sections Faculty-Taught	%					85.0
	Other Course Types	Sections Offered	#	1		6	79	1,340
			# Enrolled	1		134	666	8,504
			Avg Section Enrollment	1.0		22.3	8.4	6.3
		Sections Faculty-Taught	#	1		6	62	1,017
		Sections Faculty-Taught	%	100.0		100.0	78.5	75.9
Graduate	Lecture/Seminar	Sections Offered	#	92	101	84	187	1,611
			# Enrolled	1,945	2,202	1,616	3,278	21,601
			Avg Section Enrollment	21.1	21.8	19.2	17.5	13.4
		Sections Faculty-Taught	#	81	79	59	144	1,352
		Sections Faculty-Taught	%	88.0	78.2	70.2	77.0	83.9
	Lab	Sections Offered	#					63
			# Enrolled					448
			Avg Section Enrollment					7.1
		Sections Faculty-Taught	#					42
		Sections Faculty-Taught	%					66.7
	Other Course Types	Sections Offered	#	1		10	93	1,908
			# Enrolled	6		173	428	4,047
			Avg Section Enrollment	6.0		17.3	4.6	2.1
		Sections Faculty-Taught	#	1		6	84	1,798
		Sections Faculty-Taught	%	100.0		60.0	90.3	94.2

Source: Instruction and Research File and Student Data Course File

'Other Course Types' includes DIS, Thesis/Dissertation Research, Individual Performance Instruction, Internships, etc.

Sections taught by tenured, tenure-earning and non-tenure-earning faculty are counted as 'faculty-taught'

B 4 a Majors Enrolled By Level (Annual Headcount)

Social Work (Program CIP: 440701)

	Social Work			College Total	University Total
	2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
Professional					250
Bachelors	653	696	730	3,067	29,081
Masters/Specialist	275	291	2	597	4,515
Doctoral				42	965
Unclassified					3,137
Total	928	987	732	3,706	37,948

Source: Student Data Course File

Note: For Annual Headcounts, each student is counted once whether enrolled in summer, fall or spring.

Students enrolled in more than one term during the year are included in the level of their latest term.

B 4 b Majors Enrolled (Annual Headcount) By Gender and Ethnicity

Social Work (Program CIP: 440701)

			Social Work			College Total	University Total
			2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
Professional	Asian or Pacific Islander	Female					20
		Male					21
		Total					41
	Black (Not of Hispanic Origin)	Female					11
		Male					2
		Total					13
	Hispanic	Female					23
		Male					10
		Total					33
	White (Not of Hispanic Origin)	Female					68
		Male					85
		Total					153
	Not Reported	Female					3
		Male					7
		Total					10
	Total	Female					125
		Male					125
		Total					250
Undergraduate	American Indian/Alaskan Native	Female	4	4	6	12	121
		Male				11	103
		Total	4	4	6	23	224
	Asian or Pacific Islander	Female	18	14	13	48	876
		Male				33	700
		Total	18	14	13	81	1,576
	Black (Not of Hispanic Origin)	Female	245	284	307	671	3,923
		Male	32	25	25	314	2,355
		Total	277	309	332	985	6,278
	Hispanic	Female	114	121	121	473	4,385
		Male	13	10	11	293	3,053
		Total	127	131	132	766	7,438
	White (Not of Hispanic Origin)	Female	181	182	183	548	6,657
		Male	31	38	46	570	5,805
		Total	212	220	229	1,118	12,462
	Non-Resident Alien	Female	8	10	12	42	396
		Male	1	1	1	25	450
		Total	9	11	13	67	846
	Not Reported	Female	5	6	4	14	133
		Male	1	1	1	13	124
		Total	6	7	5	27	257
	Total	Female	575	621	646	1,808	16,491
		Male	78	75	84	1,259	12,590
		Total	653	696	730	3,067	29,081
Graduate	American Indian/Alaskan Native	Female	2	2		2	18
		Male					4
		Total	2	2		2	22
	Asian or Pacific Islander	Female	4	7	0	15	169
		Male	1	1		2	111
		Total	5	8	0	17	280
	Black (Not of Hispanic Origin)	Female	49	58	0	136	706
		Male	7	5	0	45	292
		Total	56	63	0	181	998
	Hispanic	Female	33	34	1	80	549
		Male	7	8	0	36	359
		Total	40	42	1	116	908
	White (Not of Hispanic Origin)	Female	136	150	1	201	1,669
		Male	28	19	0	92	1,127
		Total	164	169	1	293	2,796
	Non-Resident Alien	Female	5	4	0	17	212
		Male				11	252
		Total	5	4	0	28	464
	Not Reported	Female	2	2		1	9
		Male	1	1		1	3
		Total	3	3		2	12
	Total	Female	231	257	2	452	3,332
		Male	44	34	0	187	2,148
		Total	275	291	2	639	5,480
Unclassified	American Indian/Alaskan Native	Female					7
		Male					4
		Total					11
	Asian or Pacific Islander	Female					162
		Male					155
		Total					317
	Black (Not of Hispanic Origin)	Female					256
		Male					139
		Total					395
	Hispanic	Female					338
		Male					251
		Total					589
	White (Not of Hispanic Origin)	Female					842
		Male					710
		Total					1,552
	Non-Resident Alien	Female					107
		Male					143
		Total					250
	Not Reported	Female					14
		Male					9
		Total					23
	Total	Female					1,726
		Male					1,411
		Total					3,137

Source: Student Data Course File

Note: For Annual Headcounts, each student is counted once whether enrolled in summer, fall or spring.

Students enrolled in more than one term during the year are included in the level of their latest term.

Productivity Data

C 1 Annualized State-Fundable FTE Produced By Level

Social Work

	Social Work			College Total	University Total
	2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
Undergraduate Total	246.4	284.5	275.5	1,108.8	15,697.0

Graduate Total	179.3	200.5	163.4	346.9	1,889.7
Grad I	178.9	199.9	162.6	331.3	1,499.7
Grad II	0.4	0.7	0.8	15.7	390.0

Classroom	179.3	200.5	163.4	341.9	1,758.7
Thesis-Dissertation				5.0	130.9

Grand Total	425.7	485.1	438.9	1,455.7	17,586.7

Source: Student Data Course File

Based On State-Fundable Credit Hours

Note: Grad I and Grad II groups will sum to Graduate Total; Classroom and Thesis-Dissertation will sum to Graduate Total.

C 2 Annualized State-Fundable FTE Produced In/Out Of Department or College

Social Work

		Courses offered by:
		Social Work			College of Design & Social Inquiry	University Total
		2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
Course Level	FTE produced by students who are:	3.8	3.3	3.6	41.3	780.7
Lower Division Undergraduate	Majors within the department	3.8	3.3	3.6	41.3	780.7
	Majors outside the department, but within the college	2.4	2.6	3.1	13.9	1,883.2
	Majors outside the college	17.5	16.3	16.6	62.2	4,246.7
	Total	23.6	22.3	23.3	117.4	6,910.6
Upper Division Undergraduate	FTE produced by students who are:	201.2	238.8	225.4	761.8	5,277.5
	Majors within the department	201.2	238.8	225.4	761.8	5,277.5
	Majors outside the department, but within the college	9.5	11.0	14.2	113.4	2,353.4
	Majors outside the college	12.0	12.4	12.5	116.2	1,155.5
	Total	222.8	262.3	252.1	991.4	8,786.4
Graduate	FTE produced by students who are:	176.6	197.8	161.3	333.8	1,554.8
	Majors within the department	176.6	197.8	161.3	333.8	1,554.8
	Majors outside the department, but within the college	0.9	1.2	0.7	6.0	207.8
	Majors outside the college	1.7	1.5	1.4	7.1	127.0
	Total	179.3	200.5	163.4	346.9	1,889.7
Total	FTE produced by students who are:	381.6	439.9	390.4	1,136.9	7,613.1
	Majors within the department	381.6	439.9	390.4	1,136.9	7,613.1
	Majors outside the department, but within the college	12.9	14.9	17.9	133.3	4,444.5
	Majors outside the college	31.2	30.3	30.6	185.5	5,529.2
	Total	425.7	485.1	438.9	1,455.7	17,586.7

Source: Student Data Course File

Based On State-Fundable Credit Hours

C 3 Degrees Awarded

Social Work (Program CIP: 440701)

		Social Work			College Total	University Total
		2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
	Degrees awarded with a:					325.0
Associates	Single major					325.0
Associates	All					325.0
Bachelors	Degrees awarded with a:	144.0	198.0	163.0	713.0	5,460.0
	Single major	144.0	198.0	163.0	713.0	5,460.0
	Double or triple major		1.0	0.5	22.0	180.0
	All	144.0	199.0	163.5	735.0	5,640.0
Masters	Degrees awarded with a:	104.0	143.0		212.0	1,322.0
	Single major	104.0	143.0		212.0	1,322.0
	All	104.0	143.0		212.0	1,322.0
Specialist	Degrees awarded with a:					11.0
	Single major					11.0
	All					11.0
Doctorate	Degrees awarded with a:				7.0	121.0
	Single major				7.0	121.0
	All				7.0	121.0
Certificates	Degrees awarded with a:					61.0
	Single major					61.0
	All					61.0
Total	Degrees awarded with a:	248.0	341.0	163.0	932.0	7,300.0
	Single major	248.0	341.0	163.0	932.0	7,300.0
	Double or triple major		1.0	0.5	22.0	180.0
	All	248.0	342.0	163.5	954.0	7,480.0

Source: Student Data Course File

Note: Degrees awarded with multiple majors may result in fractional degree totals for some groups.

A degree awarded with a single major contributes 1 degree, a double major contributes 1/2 degree in each major,

and a triple major contributes 1/3 degree in each major to the degree totals.

Efficiency Data

D 1 B Annualized Student FTE Produced Per FACULTY Instructional Person-Year (Student Faculty Ratio)

Social Work

	Social Work			College Total	University Total
	2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
Undergraduate	20.1	28.6	29.6	37.9	36.2
Graduate	14.6	20.1	17.6	11.8	4.4
Total	34.7	48.7	47.2	49.7	40.6

Source: Instruction and Research File and Student Data Course File

Includes Instructional Person-Years from Tenured, Tenure-earning and Non-tenure-earning faculty only

Annualized FTE (C 1) produced for each person-year devoted to instruction (B 1 department total).

D 2 Degrees Awarded Per FACULTY Instructional Person Year

Social Work (Program CIP: 440701)

	Social Work			College Total	University Total
	2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
Associates	0	0	0	0	0.7
Bachelors	11.8	20.0	17.6	25.1	13.0
Masters	8.5	14.4	0	7.2	3.1
Specialist	0	0	0	0	0.0
Doctorate	0	0	0	0.2	0.3
Certificates	0	0	0	0	0.1
Total	20.2	34.3	17.6	32.6	17.3

Source: Instruction and Research File and Student Data Course File

Includes Instructional Person-Years from Tenured, Tenure-earning and Non-tenure-earning faculty only

Number of Degrees (C 3) produced for each Faculty person-year devoted to instruction (B 1 tenured, tenure-earning and non-tenure-earning faculty).

Effectiveness Data

E 1 Rating Instructor's Overall Teaching Effectiveness (item 6) from Student Perception of Teaching (SPOT)

Social Work

Scale: 1=Excellent 5=Poor		6. Rate your instructor"s overall teaching effectiveness in this course
		Social Work			College Total			University Total
		Fall 2015	Spring 2016	Summer 2016	Fall 2015	Spring 2016	Summer 2016	Fall 2015	Spring 2016	Summer 2016
Undergraduate	# Sections	40	34	29	141	131	88	2,636	2,440	925
Undergraduate	Mean Rating	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.6
Graduate	# Sections	30	37	12	69	66	27	514	498	202
Graduate	Mean Rating	1.6	1.7	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total	# Sections	70	71	41	210	197	115	3,150	2,938	1,127
Total	Mean Rating	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.6

Source: Student Perception of Teaching Results, Fall 2015 to Summer 2016

II. Research, Creative & Scholarly Activities

A Assessment Goals and Outcomes for Research (reported separately)

B 1 Faculty Person Years and FTE Devoted to Research

Social Work

				Social Work			College Total	University Total
				2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
Departmental Research	.	--	Person-Years					0.9
	.	--	FTE					1.2
	Tenured & tenure-earning faculty	Professor, Assoc Professor, Asst Professor	Person-Years	1.4	2.7	3.1	11.8	141.8
	Tenured & tenure-earning faculty	Professor, Assoc Professor, Asst Professor	FTE	1.9	3.6	4.1	15.7	189.0
	Non-tenure-earning faculty	Instructors, Lecturers, Visiting Faculty	Person-Years			0.1	0.7	5.3
	Non-tenure-earning faculty	Instructors, Lecturers, Visiting Faculty	FTE			0.1	1.0	7.0
	Other personnel paid on faculty pay plan	--	Person-Years					6.5
	Other personnel paid on faculty pay plan	--	FTE					8.6
	Total		Person-Years	1.4	2.7	3.2	12.5	154.4
	Total		FTE	1.9	3.6	4.2	16.7	205.8
Sponsored Research	.	--	Person-Years					0.6
	.	--	FTE					0.8
	Tenured & tenure-earning faculty	Professor, Assoc Professor, Asst Professor	Person-Years	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.7	18.8
	Tenured & tenure-earning faculty	Professor, Assoc Professor, Asst Professor	FTE	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.9	25.1
	Non-tenure-earning faculty	Instructors, Lecturers, Visiting Faculty	Person-Years		0.0	0.1	0.3	2.6
	Non-tenure-earning faculty	Instructors, Lecturers, Visiting Faculty	FTE		0.0	0.1	0.4	3.4
	Other personnel paid on faculty pay plan	--	Person-Years				0.8	27.3
	Other personnel paid on faculty pay plan	--	FTE				1.1	36.4
	Total		Person-Years	0.1	0.3	0.2	1.8	49.2
	Total		FTE	0.2	0.3	0.3	2.4	65.6

Source: Instruction and Research File

'Other personnel paid on faculty pay plan' includes Scholar/Scientist/Engineer (all ranks), Research Assoc, Assoc In, Asst In, Postdoctoral Assoc

Includes summer, fall and spring semester data

Person-year= 1 person working full time for one year

1.00 FTE = .75 person-years

C 1-9 Research/Scholarly Productivity

Social Work

		Social Work			College Total	University Total
		2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
1. Books (including monographs & compositions)	#	0	0	4	8	105
2. Other peer-reviewed publications	#	49	26	41	64	1,124
3. All other publications	#	8	19	11	16	582
4. Presentations at professional meetings or conferences	#	41	51	24	61	1,377
5. Productions/Performances/Exhibitions	#	9	0	4	4	233
6. Grant Proposals Submitted	#	0	1	3	24	419
Sponsored Research & Program Expenditures
7. Organized Research	#	$43,943	$0	$0	$0	$0
8. Sponsored Instruction	#	$2,117	$0	$0	$0	$0
9. Other Sponsored Activities	#	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0

Sources: College Dean's Office and Division of Research (Grant Proposals Submitted & Sponsored Research & Program Expenditures)

Note: Grant Proposals Submitted includes proposals administered by the Division of Research only. This number does not include funding proposals administered by the FAU Foundation

University Total Grant Proposals Submitted excludes proposals submitted by units outside the University's Colleges (e.g., IRM, Library).

Sponsored Research and Program Expenditures excludes expenditures by units outside the University's Colleges (e.g., Library, Henderson School).

Organized Research: All research and development activities of an institution that are separately budgeted and accounted for.

Sponsored Instruction: Instructional or training activity established by grant, contract, or cooperative agreement.

Other Sponsored Activities: Programs and projects financed by Federal and non Federal agencies and organizations which involve the performance of work other than instruction and organized research (e.g., health or community service projects).

D 1-9 Efficiency Data

Social Work

	Social Work			College Total	University Total
	2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
1. Books (including monographs & compositions) per faculty member	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.2
2. Other peer-review publications per faculty member	4.1	2.2	3.4	1.1	1.7
3. All other publications per faculty member	0.7	1.6	0.9	0.3	0.9
4. Presentations at professional meetings or conferences per faculty member	3.4	4.3	2.0	1.1	2.0
5. Productions/Performances/Exhibitions per faculty member	0.8	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.3
6. Grant proposals submitted per faculty member	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.6
Sponsored Research & Program Expenditures
7. Organized research expenditures per faculty member	$3,662	$0	$0	$0	$0
8. Sponsored instruction expenditures per faculty member	$176	$0	$0	$0	$0
9. Other sponsored activity expenditures per faculty member	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0

Scholarly output(Section II, C 1-9) per tenured and tenure earning faculty member (Section I B 1)

III. Service

A Assessment Goals and Outcomes for Service (reported separately)

B 1-3 Service Productivity

Social Work

		Social Work			College Total	University Total
		2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
1. Faculty memberships on department, college or university committees	#	64	79	63	117	2,744
2. Faculty memberships on community or professional committees	#	36	19	21	34	1,039
3. Faculty serving as editors or referees for professional publications	#	20	21	14	25	523

Source: College Dean's Offices

C 1-3 Efficiency Data

Social Work

	Social Work			College Total	University Total
	2013-2014	2014-2015	2015-2016	2015-2016	2015-2016
1. Faculty memberships on department, college or university committees per faculty member	5.3	6.6	5.3	2.1	4.1
2. Faculty memberships on community or professional committees per faculty member	3.0	1.6	1.8	0.6	1.5
3. Faculty serving as editors or referees for professional publications per faculty member	1.7	1.8	1.2	0.4	0.8

Faculty committee memberships and faculty serving as editors or referees (Section III B 1-3) per tenured and tenure earning faculty member (Section I B 1)