Publications

Laramore, S., Laramore, R., Scarpa, J. and Lin, J. In Press. Virulence variation in shrimp of white spot syndrome virus. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health.

El-Wazzan, E. and Scarpa, J.  2009.  Comparative growth of triploid and diploid juvenile hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria notata under controlled laboratory conditions.  Aquaculture, 289: 236-243.

Draughon, L., Scarpa, J., Keating, P. and Hartmann, J.X.  2008.  Potential estuarine water quality improvement via marine invertebrate bioremediation.  pp. 97-112 (Chap 9), In: M. Theophanides and T. Theophanides (eds.) Environmental Awareness and Management, ISBN 978-960-6672-39-2.  240pp.  Athens Institute for Education and Research, Athens, Greece.

Montiel de Morales, M., Laramore, S.E., Laramore, C.R., Morales, F. and Scarpa, J. 2007. Transmisión experimental del virus de la necrosis hipodérmica y hematopoyética infecciosa (IHHNV) en Litopenaeus vannamei: Influencia de la salinidad en la expresión de la infección, CIENCIA, 15(3): 311-318.

Sturmer, L., C. Adams, and J. Scarpa. 2007 Continued research, extension efforts support hard clam industry in Florida. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 10(6): 53-55.

Wilson, C., Scotto, L., Scarpa, J., Volety, A., Laramore, S. and Haunert, D. 2005. Survey of water quality, oyster reproduction and oyster health status in the St. Lucie Estuary. J. Shellfish Res., 24: 157-165.

Scarpa, J and A. Wright. 2005. Flatworm potential harvesters of anti-tumor compounds. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 8(4): 43.

McGraw, W.J. and Scarpa, J. 2004. Mortality of freshwater-acclimated Litopenaeus vannamei associated with acclimation rate, habituation period, and ionic challenge. Aquaculture: 236: 285-296.

Landau, M. and J. Scarpa. 2004. Demonstrations and Laboratory Exercises in Aquaculture. V. Aeration. World Aquacult., 35(2): 15-19.

McGraw, W.J. and Scarpa, J. 2003. Minimum environmental potassium for survival of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in freshwater. J. Shellfish Res., 22: 263-267.

Landau, M. and J. Scarpa. 2003. Demonstrations and Laboratory Exercises in Aquaculture. IV. Mechanical filtration. World Aquacult., 34(2): 54-57.

Laramore, S., J. Scarpa and W.J. McGraw. 2003. Concentracion de iones requirida para el cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei en agua dulce. Panorama Acuicola Magazine, 8(2): 60-63.

Arnold, W.S., Marelli, D.C., Parker, M., Hoffman, P., Frischer, M. and Scarpa, J. 2002. Enhancing hard clam (Mercenaria spp.) population density in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: a comparison of strategies to maintain the commercial fishery. J. Shellfish Res., 21: 659-672.

Scarpa, J. 2002. Method for the production of genetically modified bivalve trochophore larvae as a feed for marine fish larvae. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 12(4): 1-11.

McGraw, W.J. and J. Scarpa. 2002. Determining ion concentrations for Litopenaeus vannamei culture in freshwater. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 5(3): 36-38.

Landau, M. and J. Scarpa. 2002. Demonstrations and Laboratory Exercises in Aquaculture. III. Centrifugal pumps. World Aquacult., 33(4): 14-20.

Laramore, S., Laramore, C.R. and Scarpa, J. 2001. Effect of low salinity on growth and survival of postlarvae and juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. J. World Aqua. Soc., 32: 385-392.

Landau, M. and J. Scarpa. 2001. Demonstrations and Laboratory Exercises in Aquaculture. II. Activated carbon and ion-exchange in chemical filtration. World Aquacult., 32(4): 6-10.

Landau, M. and J. Scarpa. 2001. Demonstrations and Laboratory Exercises in Aquaculture. I. Pond soil. World Aquacult., 32(2): 10-13.

Van Wyk., P.M., Davis-Hodgkins, M., Laramore, C.R., Main, K.L., Mountain, J. and Scarpa, J. 1999. Farming of Marine Shrimp in Recirculating Freshwater Systems. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, Florida. 194pp.

Fernandez, E.M., J. Lin and J. Scarpa. 1999. Culture of Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus): effects of density, predator exclusion device and bag inversion. J. Shellfish Res., 18: 77-83.

Kiyomoto, M., Komaru, A., Scarpa, J., Wada, K.T., Danton, E. and Awaji, M. 1996. Abnormal gametogenesis, male dominant sex ratio, and Sertoli cell morphology in induced triploid mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Zoological Science, 13: 393-402.

Scarpa, J. 1996. Making your own internship. World Aquaculture, 27(3): 61.

Scarpa, J. 1996. Postdoctoral Fellowships in Japan. World Aquaculture, 27(2): 39.

Scarpa, J. 1996. Internships - Epcot at Walt Disney World. World Aquaculture, 27(1): 61.

Komaru, A., Scarpa, J. and Wada, K.T. 1995. Ultrastructure of spermatozoa in induced tetraploid mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck). J. Shellfish Res., 14: 405-410.

Scarpa, J. 1995. Internships - Savannah State College. World Aquaculture, 26(4): 82.

Scarpa, J. 1995. Internships - Atlantic Veterinary College. World Aquaculture, 26(3): 37.

Scarpa, J. 1995. Aquaculture intern programs - Mote Marine Lab. World Aquaculture, 26(2): 60.

Scarpa, J. 1995. Aquaculture internship programs - Darling Center. World Aquaculture, 26(1): 52.

Scarpa, J., Komaru, A. and Wada, K.T. 1994. Gynogenetic induction in the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Bulletin of the National Research Institute of Aquaculture, 23: 33-41.

Scarpa, J. and Wada, K.T. 1994. Early development of the Japanese Jewel Box, Chama japonica Lamarck, 1819, under laboratory conditions. Bulletin of the National Research Institute of Aquaculture, 23: 27-30.

Scarpa, J. Toro, J.E. and Wada, K.T. 1994. Direct comparison of six methods to induce triploidy in bivalves. Aquaculture, 119: 119-133.

Scarpa, J. 1994. Aquaculture internship programs - HBOI. World Aquaculture, 25(4): 5.

Scarpa, J., Wada, K.T. and Komaru, A. 1993. Induction of tetraploidy in mussels by suppression of polar body formation. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 59: 2017-2023.

Scarpa, J. and Gatlin, III, D.M. 1993. Response of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) swim-up fry to dietary calcium in soft and hard water. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 106A: 803-808.

Allen, Jr., S.K., Gaffney, P.M., Scarpa, J. and Bushek, D. 1993. Inviable hybrids of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) with C. rivularis (Gould) and C. gigas (Thunberg). Aquaculture, 113: 269-289.

Gatlin, D.M., III and Scarpa, J. 1993. Dietary calcium source and level affects growth and bone mineralization of channel catfish. pp. 179-185. In: Fish Nutrition in Practice.

Scarpa, J., Wada, K.T. and Allen, Jr., S.K. 1992. Parthenogenetic development of dwarf surfclam, Mulinia lateralis, oocytes treated with polar body suppressing agents. Inv. Reprod. Dev., 22: 47-56.

Scarpa, J. and Gatlin, III, D.M. 1992. Dietary zinc requirements of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, swim-up fry in soft and hard water. Aquaculture, 106: 311-322.

Scarpa, J., Gatlin, D.M., III and Lewis, D.H. 1992. Effects of dietary zinc and calcium on select immune functions of channel catfish. J. Aquat. Animal Health, 4: 24-31.

Scarpa, J. and Allen, Jr., S.K. 1992. Comparative kinetics of meiosis in hybrid crosses of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and Suminoe oyster C. rivularis with the American oyster C. virginica. J. Exp. Zool., 263: 316-322.

Longo, F.J. and Scarpa, J. 1991. Sperm nuclear expansion and association of the maternal and paternal genomes in fertilized Mulinia lateralis eggs. Biol. Bull., 180: 56-64.

Gatlin, D.M., III, O'Connell, J.P. and Scarpa, J. 1991. Dietary zinc requirement of the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Aquaculture, 92: 259-265.

Wada, K.T., Scarpa, J. and Allen, Jr., S.K. 1990. Karyotype of the dwarf surf clam Mulinia lateralis (Say, 1822) (Mactridae, Bivalvia). J. Shellfish Res., 9: 279-281.

Presentations and Published Abstracts (selected)

Salinity tolerance of sunray venus clam Macrocallista nimbosa nursery seed. Scarpa, J., Harangody, M. and Sturmer, L.N. Aquaculture America 2009, Seattle, WA, 15-18 February 2009.

Characterization of eastern oyster growth, reproduction and health in Lake Worth Lagoon, Florida. Scarpa, J., Laramore, S., Arnold, W., Parker, M., Volety, A. and Medri, A. International Conference on Shellfish Restoration 2008, Charleston, SC, 19-22 November 2008.

Hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria, M. campechiensis) hybrids for Florida aquaculture: hatchery culture. Scarpa, J., Sturmer, L., Arnold, W., Geiger, S. and Baker, S. National Shellfisheries Association 100th Annual Meeting, Providence, RI, 6-10 April 2008. J. Shellfish Res., 27(4): 1050.

Evaluation of the sunray venus clam Macrocallista nimbosa for aquaculture in Florida. Scarpa, J., Sturmer, L., Nuñez, J. and Creswell, R.L. National Shellfisheries Association 100th Annual Meeting, Providence, RI, 6-10 April 2008. J. Shellfish Res., 27(4): 1051.

Growth and survival of triploid hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria in Florida waters. Scarpa, J., Sturmer, L, Laramore, S., El-Wazzan, E., Baker, S. and Adams, C. National Shellfisheries Association 100th Annual Meeting, Providence, RI, 6-10 April 2008. J. Shellfish Res., 27(4): 1050.

Triploid hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) for Florida aquaculture: Effect of temperature on oxygen uptake rates. Weber, K., Baker, Murie, D., Scarpa, J. and Sturmer, L. National Shellfisheries Association 100th Annual Meeting, Providence, RI, 6-10 April 2008. J. Shellfish Res., 27(4): 1062.

Hsp70 expression in triploid and diploid hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria notata exposed to heat shocks. El-Wazzan, E., Carroll, D. and Scarpa, J. National Shellfisheries Association 100th Annual Meeting, Providence, RI, 6-10 April 2008. J. Shellfish Res., 27(4): 1006.

Diploid Crassostrea virginica and Crassostrea ariakensis studies in mesocosms simulating Chesapeake Bay and Florida estuaries. Kelly, C.J., Newell, R.E.I., Scarpa, J. and Laramore, S.E. National Shellfisheries Association 100th Annual Meeting, Providence, RI, 6-10 April 2008. J. Shellfish Res., 27(4): 1020.

Reproductive potential of triploid hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria. Laramore, S., Scarpa, J., Sturmer, L. Aquaculture America 2008, Orlando, FL, 9-12 Feb 2008.

Aquaculture education programs at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. Shawl, A., Scarpa, J., Laramore, S., Wills, P. and Davis, M. Aquaculture America 2008, Orlando, FL, 9-12 Feb 2008.

Larval and early nursery culture of the sunray venus clam Macrocallista nimbosa. Scarpa, J., Sturmer, L.N., Nunez, J., Laramore, S. and Creswell, R.L. Caribbean and Latin America Aquaculture 2007, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 6-9 November 2007.

Potential estuarine water quality improvement via marine invertebrate bioremediation. Draughon, L., Scarpa, J., Keating, P. and Hartmann, J.X. 2nd International Symposium on Environment, Athens, Greece, 2-3 August 2007.

Hatchery issues for shellfish restoration. Scarpa, J. Florida Oyster Reef Restoration Summit, St. Petersburg, FL, 14-15 March 2007.

Hurricane preparedness for aquaculture producers. Davis, M. and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture 2007, San Antonio, TX, 27 Feb-2 March 2007.

Response surface analysis of salinity and temperature for subtropical Crassostrea virginica. DiGialleonardo, J., Heilmayer, O., Qian, L., Scarpa, J. and Roesijadi, G. 2006 Greater Everglades Ecosystem Restoration Conference, Lake Buena Vista, FL, 5-9 June 2006.

Using innovation and technology to train aquaculturists for the 21st century. Scarpa, J., Riley, K., Davis, M., Laramore, S. and Shawl, A. Aquaculture 2006, Florence, Italy, 10-14 May 2006.

Effectiveness of pre-commercial microbial products for shrimp aquaculture. Scarpa, J., Carrington, B. and Drahos, D. Aquaculture 2006, Florence, Italy, 10-14 May 2006.

Genetic issues in Florida hard clam aquaculture. Sturmer, L., Adams, C., Baker, P., Baker, S., Hoover, E., Rocha, C. and Scarpa, J. National Shellfisheries Association 98th Annual Meeting, Monterey, CA, 26-30 March 2006. J. Shellfish Res., 25(2): 779 (2006).

Are triploid hard clams resistant to Florida summer stressors- Results of laboratory challenges. Hoover, E., Baker, S., Scarpa, J. and Sturmer, L. National Shellfisheries Association 98th Annual Meeting, Monterey, CA, 26-30 March 2006. J. Shellfish Res., 25(2): 740 (2006).

Genomic comparison of seven geographic isolates of the white spot syndrome virus. Laramore, S., Laramore, R. and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture America 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 13-16 February 2006.

Virulence challenge and genomic comparison for seven geographic isolates of the white spot syndrome virus. Laramore, S., Laramore, R. and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture America 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 13-16 February 2006.

Project T.A.S.K.: Intergrating technology into aquaculture training and education. Riley, K., McMullian, A., Laramore, S. and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture America 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 13-16 February 2006.

Potential bioremediation of bacterial contamination in marine waters by the tunicate Styela plicata: filtration rate. Draughon, L.D., Scarpa, J., Hartmann, J.X. and Keating, P. Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, 4-8 Jan 2006. Integr. Comp. Biol., 45(6): 1126 (2005).

Potential use of induced triploidy in Florida hard clam aquaculture. Scarpa, J., Sturmer, L., Bakers, S., Laramore, S. and El-Wazzan, E. National Shellfisheries Association 97th Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, 10-14 April 2005. J. Shellfish Res., 24(2): 674 (2005).

A fitness optimization model of salinity and temperature for subtropical Crassostrea virginica. DiGialleonardo, J., Heilmayer, O., Powell, A., Qian, L.-F., Roesijadi, G. and Scarpa, J. National Shellfisheries Association 97th Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, 10-14 April 2005. J. Shellfish Res., 24(2): 651 (2005).

Culture of the tiger flatworm Maritigrella crozieri for anti-tumor compound harvesting. Scarpa, J., Duckworth, A., Samples, G. and Wright, A. Aquaculture 2004, Honolulu, HI, 1-5 March 2004.

A new laboratory exercise for college aquaculture students: aeration. Landau, M., Scarpa, J. and Pendoley, P. Aquaculture 2004, Honolulu, HI, 1-5 March 2004.

Characterization of water quality, oyster reproduction and health in the St. Lucie Estuary: A one year monitoring study. Scotto, L., Wilson, C., Scarpa, J, Volety, A., Laramore, S. and Haunert, D. Gulf of Mexico, Florida East Coast, and Caribbean Regional Fisheries Workshop, Melbourne, FL, 4-5 September 2003.

Freshwater culture research of marine shrimp at HBOI: an overview. Scarpa, J., McGraw, W., Laramore, S.E., Van Wyk, P., Anwar, M.F., Vaughan, D.E. Aquaculture America ’03, Louiville, KY, 18-21 February 2003.

How to meet the needs of the aquaculture industry through technology transfer. Davis, M., Riley, K.L. and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture America ’03, Louiville, KY, 18-21 February 2003.

Environmental ion concentrations required for Litopenaeus vannamei culture in freshwater. Laramore, S.E., Scarpa, J. and McGraw, W. AquaExpo 2002, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1-4 October 2002.

Comparative pathogenicity of Dermo (Perkinsus marinus) between the Caribbean and American oyster. Scarpa, J., Bushek, D. and Laramore, S.E. International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health, New Orleans, LA, 1-5 September 2002.

Putative attenuated infectious hypodermal and hematopoetic necrosis (IHHN) virus: case study with Litopenaeus vannamei. Laramore, S.E., Montiel, M. Laramore, C.R. and Scarpa, J. International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health, New Orleans, LA, 1-5 September 2002.

Susceptibility of the Caribbean oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae to Perkinsus marinus. Bushek, D., Scarpa, J. and Laramore, S.E. National Shellfisheries Association 94th Conference, Mystic, CT, 14-18 April 2002. J. Shellfish Res., 21(1): 371-372 (2002).

Growth of Litopenaeus vannamei in freshwater with variable ion concentrations. McGraw, W.J. and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture America 2002, San Diego, CA, 27-30 January 2002.

Culture of Ecteinascidia turbinata: feed study. Lema Tome, C.M., Duckworth, A. and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture America 2002, San Diego, CA, 27-30 January 2002.

Protein and energry requirements of Pacific White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in freshwater. Anwar, M.F. and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture 2001, Orlando, FL, 21-25 January 2001.

Histological examination of Pacific White shrimp Penaeus vannamei experimentally infected with IHHNV. Allen, S., Laramore, R., Montiel de Morales, M and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture 2001, Orlando, FL, 21-25 January 2001.

Ammonia tolerance of freshwater-acclimated marine shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Scarpa, J., Ladson, J.L. and Stodghill, N. Aquaculture America 2000, New Orleans, LA, 2-5 February 2000.

Indian River Community College and Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution collaborate in the creation of a new aquaculture program. Scarpa, J., Davis-Hodgkins, M. and McMullian, A. Aquaculture America 2000, New Orleans, LA, 2-5 February 2000.

The SSU-HBOI Bridge to Research Program: Using aquaculture projects in a NSF funded summer training program for minority undergraduates. Scarpa, J., Cook, S.B. and Gilligan, M. Aquaculture America 2000, New Orleans, LA, 2-5 February 2000.

Transmission of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis (IHHN) virus from asymptomatic shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Montiel de Morales, M., Allen, S.E., Laramore, R. and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture America 2000, New Orleans, LA, 2-5 February 2000.

Low salinity and environmental ionic composition effects on growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei. Allen, S.E., Laramore, R., Fung, J., Duerr, L. and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture America 2000, New Orleans, LA, 2-5 Feb 2000.

Freshwater culture of the marine shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Scarpa, J., Allen, S.E., and Vaughan, D.E. Aquaculture America '99, Tampa, FL, 27-30 January 1999.

Laboratory exercises for aquaculture education. Scarpa, J. and Landau, M. Aquaculture '98, Las Vegas, NV, 15-19 February 1998.

Culture of the marine shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, in freshwater. Scarpa, J. and Vaughan, D. Aquaculture '98, Las Vegas, NV, 15-19 February 1998.

Effect of planting density and predator exclusion on growth and survival of northern hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria at the Indian River Lagoon. Fernandez, E.M., Lin, J. and Scarpa, J. National Shellfisheries Association 89th Conference, Fort Walton Beach, FL, 20-24 April 1997. J. Shellfish Res., 16(1): 354 (1997).

Training aquaculturists for the 21st century: Harbor Branch’s aquaculture education and training programs. Davis-Hodgkins, M., Scarpa, J. and Vaughan, D.E. Seventeenth Annual Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Milford, CT, 24-26 February 1997. J. Shellfish Res., 16(1): 285 (1997).

Salinity tolerance of pink shrimp, Penaeus duorarum, postlarvae. Olivera, V., Simmons, S. and Scarpa, J. World Aquaculture '97, Seattle, WA, 19-23 February 1997.

Method for the production of genetically modified bivalve trochophore larvae as a first-feed for fish larvae. Scarpa, J. World Aquaculture '97, Seattle, WA, 19-23 February 1997.

Evaluation of culture conditions for a tunicate, Ecteinascidia turbinata, producing antitumor compounds. Schukert, K.J., Brown, K., Scarpa, J., Wright, A. and Vaughan, D. World Aquaculture '97, Seattle, WA, 19-23 February 1997.

Optimal temperature for hatching and rearing early larval stages of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vanammei. Martinez, E., Scarpa, J. and Laramore, R. World Aquaculture '97, Seattle, WA, 19-23 February 1997.

Direct evidence for planktotrophy in Müller's larva of the tiger flatworm, Pseudoceros crozieri. Scarpa, J., Weis, B., Ruppert, E., Frick, J. and Wright, A. Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM, 26-30 December 1996. American Zoologist, 36(5): 107A.

Florida shellfish culture training programs and their benefits. Vaughan, D.E., Sturmer, L.N., Quesenberry, E., Scarpa, J. and Ednoff, M. International Conference on Shellfish Restoration 1996, Hilton Head Island, SC, 20-23 November 1996. J. Shellfish Res., 16(1): 277.

Performance of triploid oysters, Crassostrea virginica, grown by Project O.C.E.A.N. participants. Scarpa, J., Sturmer, L., Quesenberry, E., Longley, R. and Vaughan, D. National Shellfisheries Association 88th Meeting, Baltimore, MD, 14-18 April 1996. J. Shellfish Res., 15(2): 512-513.

Artificial hybridization between the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and the mangrove oyster (C. rhizophorae). Scarpa, J., Vaughan, D.E. and Longley, R. Seventh International Congress on Invertebrate Reproduction, Santa Cruz, CA, 5-11 August 1995.

Sperm production in tetraploid mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Komaru, A., Wada, K.T. and Scarpa, J. Aquaculture ’95, San Diego, CA, 1-4 February 1995. J. Shellfish Res., 14(1): 270.

Development of a shellfish aquaculture industry on the west coast of Florida: seed production, growout monitoring, and species diversification. Sturmer, L.N., Quesenberry, E., Scarpa, J. and Vaughan, D.E. Aquaculture ’95, San Diego, CA, 1-4 February 1995. J. Shellfish Res., 14(1): 279.

Hybridization of the bivalves Mulinia lateralis and Spisula solidissima. Scarpa, J. and Allen, Jr., S.K. World Aquaculture ’90, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 10-14 June 1990.

Immunoglobulin M levels of calcium-deficient and zinc-deficient channel catifsh. Scarpa, J. Gatlin, III, D.M. and Lewis, D.H. Aquaculture ’89, Los Angeles, CA. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 20(1): 67A-68A.

Immune response of Ictalurus punctatus to polyvalent vaccine. Scarpa, J. and Lewis, D.H. World Aquaculture Society 19th Meeting, Honolulu, HI, 2-9 January 1988. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 19(1): 63A.

Experimental production of gynogenetic and parthenogenetic Mulinia lateralis (Say). Scarpa, J. and Bolton, E.T. National Shellfisheries Association 78th Conference. Seattle, WA, 22-26 January 1986. J. Shellfish Res., 7(1): 132.